The future emperor Vespasian was then put in charge of subduing the Jewish revolt. The legion, however, was ambushed and destroyed by Jewish rebels at the Battle of Beth Horon, a result that shocked the Roman leadership. In 66 AD, Cestius Gallus, legate of Syria, brought the Syrian army, based on Legio XII Fulminata, reinforced by auxiliary troops, to restore order in Judaea and quell the revolt. Syrian province forces were directly engaged in the First Jewish–Roman War of 66–70 AD. After Agrippa's death, his kingdom was gradually re-absorbed into the Roman Empire, until it was officially transformed into a Roman province following the death of Herod Agrippa II. Following the death of Herod Philip II (34 AD) and the removal of Herod Antipas (39 AD) Ituraea, Trachonitis, Galilee and Perea were also transferred under the jurisdiction of the province of Syria.įrom 37 to 41 AD much of Palestine was separated from Syria and transformed into a client kingdom under Herod Agrippa I. In 6 AD Emperor Augustus deposed the ethnarch Herod Archelaus and united Judea, Samaria and Idumea into the Roman province of Judea such province was placed under the direct authority of the Legate of Syria Publius Sulpicius Quirinius, who appointed Coponius as Prefect of Judea. During the early empire, the Roman army in Syria accounted for three legions with auxiliaries who defended the border with Parthia. Pompey appointed Marcus Aemilius Scaurus to the post of Proconsul of Syria.įollowing the fall of the Roman Republic and its transformation into the Roman Empire, Syria became a Roman imperial province, governed by a Legate. Syria was annexed to the Roman Republic in 64 BC, when Pompey the Great deposed the last Seleucid king Antiochus XIII Asiaticus and had him executed. The Roman empire in the time of Hadrian (ruled 117–138 AD), showing, in western Asia, the imperial province of Syria (Syria/Lebanon), with four legions deployed in 125 AD.
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